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A microsatellite marker, Xpsp3000, located on the end of chromosome 1BS was linked with the yellow rust resistant gene, Yr10, with a distance 1.2 cM. It could be used in marker assisted selection.
The practical utilization of interspecific somatic hybridization in plant breeding depends on intergenomic interactions and their effects on agronomically important traits. In order to characterize the variation that could be recovered by selfing a tetraploid somatic hybrid between a dihaploid clone of Solanum tuberosum (tbr) and the sexually incongruent diploid wild species S. commersonii (cmm),...
Transformation of potato is a genotype dependent process as was shown by experiments conducted with 16 varieties. Not all genotypes could be transformed with a single procedure hence two different procedures were attempted for all 16 varieties in a pilot experiment. Large differences in regeneration capacity of putative transformants were observed with the two protocols. Regeneration capacity and...
Elaeis oleifera or ‘caiaué’, a close relative of oil palm (E. guineensis), has some agronomic traits of great interest for the oil palm genetic breeding such as slow growth, oil quality (mostly unsaturated) and disease resistance. An analysis of a Brazilian oil palm germplasm collection was carried out using RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) markers with the objective of understanding...
Attempts at breeding squash (Cucurbita pepo) resistant to powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea and Erysiphe cichoracearum) have heretofore been unsuccessful due mainly to association of the resistance trait with reduction in yield. The goal of the present work was to determine if heterozygous hybrids expressing partial resistance could be potentially valuable for squash growers. One heterozygous...
The results of this study indicated a great deal of genetic variation in a number of characters of horticultural interest in kiwifruit seedling populations, and therefore, a potential to improve kiwifruit by vine selection. High narrow sense heritability was shown for pedicel length(0.62) and flowering duration (0.50) in male vines, and pedicel length (0.67),floral shoot percentage (0.54), leaf length-width...
The polyphenol content in pearl barley, which is highly correlated to a browning reaction after heat treatment, was investigated using 1,347 cultivated barley varieties (H. vulgare) and two wild accessions (H. vulgare subsp. spontaneum) collected from different areas of the world. The polyphenol content in the cultivated barley shows a wide variation ranging from 0.19 to 0.75 mg/g with a nearly normal...
The effect of cut style and placental pollination on fertilization efficiency was studied for compatible Aechmea fasciata plants. These alternative in vitro pollination techniques resulted in lower penetration rates of the ovules by pollen tubes in comparison to pollination on the stigma. An explanation was found in the intervention of the normal pollination process,through which less pollen-pistil...
The origins and authenticity of many grape cultivars (Vitis vinifera) used for wine production around the world is unclear and the subject of some controversy. In this study, DNA fingerprints generated by Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Inter Simple Sequence Repeat Polymerase Chain Reaction (ISSR-PCR) analyses were used to compare the four most widely planted V. vinifera cultivars in...
The development of highly informative DNA markers, such as simple sequence repeats (SSRs), is essential for breeding to select agronomically important traits and for genetic studies in pear. We developed SSR markers by using two approaches, RAHM (random amplified hybridization microsatellites) and 5' anchored PCR methods. Segregation analysis of the SSRs revealed that amplified fragments were derived...
Homozygous self-compatible almond cultivars have not been reported. It is unclear if they are more inferior than heterozygotes or simply have not yet been detected. To investigate if homozygous individual are generally inferior, the self-compatibility genotype, homozygous or heterozygous, was determined by stylar ribonuclease assay in a population of 241 almond trees obtained by self-fertilisation...
Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, is considered one of the most important diseases of wheat. In South Africa the genes Lr29, Lr34, Lr35 and Lr37 confer effective resistance to leaf rust, qualifying them for use in cultivar improvement. To study possible secondary effects of these genes, a collection of BC6 lines containing each of the genes singly, was evaluated for breadmaking quality. The...
Seed germination, seedling growth, mitotic and nucleolar activity were investigated as indicators of metabolic activity in a diploid wheat, Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum cv. Einkorn. Two developmental phases were identified, an initial lag phase during which reactivation of NOR's and the initiation of mitotic activity (10 h) took place prior to the appearance of the primary root (16 h). Dominance...
The F1 of N8855 x N2899, a cross between two cultivars of G. max (L.) Merr., was found to be male-sterile. After it was back-crossed with the recurrent parent N2899 for four successive generations, a cytoplasmic-nuclear male-sterile line and its maintainer line, designated as NJCMS1A and NJCMS1B, respectively, were obtained. NJCMS1A was stable in male sterility with 98.29% plants being male-sterile...
The goal of this research was to study the introgression of the high regeneration capacity of Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium Mill line WV-700, in recalcitrant tomato cultivars (L. esculentum Mill cvs. Petomech, Santa Rita and VFN-8) using backcrossing. Hypocotyl explants of in vitro germinated seeds were cultivated in half strength MS medium supplemented with 5mg/l 6-BA to assess their shoot regeneration...
The ability of maternally inherited pericarp tissue to be useful as a source from which molecular marker profiles of the inbred parents can be generated was investigated, using pericarp and kernel tissue from reciprocal crosses of five maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids and their parental inbred lines. Genotypes were examined using ten SSR loci for each hybrid and their parents. SSR loci were selected that...
Sorghum midge, Stenodiplosis sorghicola (Coquillett) is the most important pest of grain sorghum worldwide, and plant resistance is an important component for the control of this pest. To identify sorghum genotypes with diverse mechanisms of resistance to sorghum midge, we studied oviposition, larval survival, and midge damage in 27 sorghum midge-resistant genotypes, and a susceptible check under...
There are many wild species of pigeonpea which are endemic to Australia. These wild species are cross incompatible with cultivated species of Indian origin. Cajanus acutifolius is one such species which does not easily cross with cultivated pigeonpea. Interspecific pollinations lead to hybrid seeds which were semi-shrivelled. Very few seeds germinated to give rise to F1 plants. Backcrossing the hybrid...
Arachis glabrata Benth, variety glabrata coll. GK 10596 (PI 276233; ICG8176) belonging to section Rhizomatosae has multiple disease resistance. Fertile hybrids between A. hypogaea L. and A. glabrata, A. duranensis Krapov & W.C. Gregory and A. glabrata and A. diogoi Hoehne and A. glabrata were produced. Introgression of DNA from A. glabrata into A. hypogaea, A. duranensis and A. diogoi was analyzed...
Professor Jan-Carel Zadoks, emeritus professor in ecological plant pathology at Wageningen University, was invited by the organising committee to close the symposium. This paper is the verbatim text of his speech, in which professor Zadoks tried to highlight some salient points raised during the Symposium, without attempting to be complete. The topics of the Symposium are placed in a historical background,...
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